Languages & Cultures of East Asia
Trad 101, Sections
18-19-20-21 Fall 2000
Lecture Outline, 11/20/00 - Syntax-- Japanese and Korean
1) review
word order
noun ellipsis
can't go tonight
classifiers (measure words)
two cups of coffee
topic – comment
That movie, I saw already.
definite and indefinite articles
adjectives vs. verbs
e.g., square
He is very square.
This student first squared the number, then divided by six.
demonstratives
negative questions
Aren't you going to school today?
plurals
gender and animacy dintinction in pronouns
2) Japanese and Korean
1. The basic word order in Japanese and Korean is ____________.
ko-yang-i-ga cwi-reul meog-eot-ta (Korean)
cat
mouse ate
The cat ate the/a mouse.
neko-ga nezumi-o tabeta (Japanese)
cat mouse ate
The cat ate the/a mouse.
cwi-reul ko-yang-i-ga meog-eot-ta (Korean)
mouse cat
ate
The cat ate the/a mouse.
nezumi-o neko-ga tabeta (Japanese)
mouse cat ate
The cat ate the/a mouse.
2. noun ellipsis
A: nani tabeta? B: raamen (tabeta).
What ate
ramen ate
What did you eat? I ate ramen.
4. topic -- comment
neko-ga nezumi-o tabeta (Japanese)
cat mouse ate
The cat ate the/a mouse.
nezumi-wa neko-ga tabeta
As for the mouse, the cat ate it.
neko-wa nezumi-o tabeta
As for the cat, it ate the mouse.
neko-wa nezumi-ga tabeta
As for the cat, the mouse ate it.
nezumi-wa neko-o tabeta
As for the mouse, it ate the cat.
kinoo-wa neko-ga nezumi-o tabeta
As for yesterday, the cat ate the mouse.
3. classifiers (measure words)
ippai 'one-drink'
ippon 'one-long.object'
ichidai 'one-machine'
ichimai 'one-flat.object'
pencil, photo, sake, car, beef steak, skewered beef, soup, computer, leg
6. adjectives
Cho-t'a It is good. (Korean)
Cho-at-ta It was good. (Korean)
Kono hon wa takai This book is expensive. (Japanese)
Kono hon wa takakatta This book was expensive. (Japanese)
7. demonstratives
Japanese:
Kono tatemono wa ookii desu.
This building is big.
this, near speaker
Sono tatemono wa ookii desu.
That building is big.
that, near hearer
Ano tatemono wa ookii desu.
That building is big.
that over there, away from speaker/hearer
Korean:
i
keu
cheo
8. negative questions
Aren't you going to school today?
(Yes or No), I'm not going to school today.
9. plurals
1) kyo-shil-e hak-saeng-i man-t'a (Korean)
classroom-in student-subject marker are many
There are many students in the classroom.
2) kyo-shil-e hak-saeng-deul-i
man-t'a (Korean)
classroom-in student-plural-subject marker are many
There are many students in the classroom.
3) Gakusei wa
koko de
benkyoo-shimasu. (Japanese)
student topic marker here location marker study-do
Students study here.
4) Gakusei-tachi wa
koko de
benkyoo-shimasu. (Japanese)
student-plural topic marker here location marker study-do
Students study here.
5) Tanaka-san wa
ikimasu.
Tanaka-title topic marker go
Mr./Ms. Tanaka will go.
6) Tanaka-san-tachi wa
ikimasu.
Tanaka-title-plural topic marker go
The Tanakas will go./Mr./Ms. Tanaka and his group will go.
7) gakusei wa
ikimasu.
student topic marker go
The student will go.
8) gakusei wa
ikimasu.
student topic marker go
The students will go.
9) gakukusei-tachi wa
ikimasu.
student-plural topic marker go
The students will go.
10) Shinbun ga
todokimashita.
Newspaper subject marker arrived
The newspaper arrived.
11) Shinbun ga
todokimashita.
Newspaper subject marker arrived
The newspapers arrived.
12) *Shinbun-tachi ga
todokimashita.
Newspaper-plural subject marker arrived
The newspapers arrived.
(An asterisk means the sentence is not grammatical.)
10. pronouns
keu sa-ram, keu pun (Korean)
she = kanojo (Japanese)
he = kare (Japanese)
I = boku, ore, atashi, watashi, watakushi….. (Japanese)
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